Peptides are short chains of amino acids, typically between 2 and 50 residues, linked together by peptide bonds. They are smaller than proteins but share the same fundamental building blocks. In nature, peptides serve as signaling molecules, hormones, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobial agents.
The synthesis of peptides for research purposes is primarily done through solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), a technique pioneered by Bruce Merrifield in 1963. SPPS allows scientists to build peptide chains one amino acid at a time on a solid resin support, enabling precise control over sequence and purity.
Peptides are classified by their length and function. Dipeptides contain two amino acids, tripeptides three, and oligopeptides contain up to about 20. Beyond that, they are typically called polypeptides.
The purity of a synthetic peptide is critical for research validity. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is the standard method for both purifying and assessing peptide purity. Research-grade peptides typically require more than 95% purity, with many applications demanding more than 98%.
Peptides must be stored properly to maintain integrity. Most lyophilized (freeze-dried) peptides should be stored at -20 degrees Celsius, protected from light and moisture. Once reconstituted, they should be kept refrigerated and used within a defined timeframe.
Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only. All peptides are sold for laboratory research use only. Not for human consumption.